Besides, these treatments prevent wound contamination or infection, which would delay healing. The first part of our research deals with cosmetic surgery scars, which generally receive different topical treatments that help maintain the moisture and the plasticity of the wound. We hope that our contribution will help point in the direction toward an effective, uniform standard. As explained in the following sections, these techniques were successfully implemented in a number of cases, and their comparative advantages regarding other methods were also evaluated. In this chapter, we will present two new ways to treat scars following plastic surgery. Current guidelines suggest a multimodal approach to treating scars but there is no gold standard for their treatment. In this sense, it should be borne in mind that, while there exist multiple treatment modalities, none of them guarantees a 100% success rate. In order to arrive at an effective esthetic and functional outcome, surgeons must be familiar with the different scar treatments available, and they must also know how to prevent scars and how to reduce them after surgery. On the contrary, wound treatment and care after surgery of any kind, including esthetic or reconstructive interventions, should be initiated early. Furthermore, as poor-quality healing of an incision can constitute a disabling pathology, scar treatment should not be considered as a trivial part of the intervention. Thus, when the scar has unfavorable characteristics, scar revision is often indicated. In contrast, hypertrophic, keloidal, dyspigmented, widened, contracted, or atrophic scars can be unsightly and/or cause functional limitations, which patients often perceive as a problem. The ideal scar is narrow, flat, level with surrounding tissue, and difficult for the untrained eye to see due to color match and placement parallel to relaxed skin tension lines. Because of its impact in scarring, considerable importance is placed on the closure of a surgical incision, which is the final phase of the intervention. In surgical procedures, scars, which are the only visible sequela of the intervention, result from the reparation process undergone by the skin to heal the wounds caused by surgery or trauma. The healing tissue generates changes in the cutaneous architecture, which renders the skin surrounding the scar different from the rest of the skin in terms of color, thickness, elasticity, texture, and degree of contraction. Wound healing, which is a natural process of tissue repair, consists of three phases: inflammation, fibroplasia, and maturation. Scars are a natural part of dermal healing following lacerations, incisions, or tissue loss. The effectiveness of these treatments is shown by means of objective, quantifiable data collected as a result of studies and postoperative follow-ups carried out at Hospital Alemán in Buenos Aires. This chapter aims at shedding new light to discussion by putting forward two different procedures that enhance scar results in cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries by applying a topical treatment with active ingredients and by combining cadaver and artificial skin as dermal substitutes, respectively. Current research in reconstructive surgery focuses on obtaining high-quality results in the minimum number of steps, with a view to “doing it right the first time.” However, there is no uniform approach to scar treatment, which is partly due to a lack of consensus regarding the most effective healing methods. The issue of achieving esthetically pleasing surgical scars has gained prominence in recent years, with the emergence of the concept of the “imperceptible scar,” which is expected by patients of not only cosmetic but also reconstructive surgery.
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